Page 48 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

L1644_C01.fm Page 24 Monday, October 20, 2003 11:46 AM

Corresponding functional unit
Activity, Activity,
Product Product Product Product Product Product Product
or Service Product Activity or Service or Service or Service or Service or Service or Service
CBA IOA IPA
D f E IPA Costs Economic incormation CEA Risk and damage Eco-audit
External
with
Relative contribution to outcome and ERA CEA Risk IPA EMA EMA Relative contribution to outcome
CBA
DM
ERA
DT
EIA
LC Potential common ground for discussion Basic information EIA Regulations and risk Identification of sensitive factors ERA SFA ELG Eco-label Communication of environmental profile to consumers Same pressure and management indicators Tool Box
SFA
MFA
MFA
SFA

Applications Guarantee of overall reduction Environmental assistance Consideration of all information Starting point MFA
1. Education and communication.
2. Product development and improvement.
3. Production technology assessment.
4. Improving environmental program.
5. Strategic planning for a company’s product or service line.
6. Public policy planning and legislation.
7. Environmentally friendly purchasing support.
8. Marketing strategies.
9. Environmental performance and liability evaluation.
Legend
CBA: Cost-Benefit Analysis
EIA:Environmental Impact Assessment
IOA:Input-Output Analysis
CEA: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
ELG: Eco-labelling
IPA: Impact Pathway Analysis
DfE:Design for Environment
ERA: Environmental Risk Assessment
LCA: Life-Cycle Assessment
DM: Dematerialization
EMA: Environmental Management
MFA: Material Flow Accounting
DT:Detoxification and Audit
SFA:Substance Flow Analysis

FIGURE 1.7 Matrix guide for the inclusion of the life-cycle concept in environmental man-
agement practices. 1) Education and communication; 2) product development and improve-
ment; 3) production technology assessment; 4) improving environmental program; 5) strategic
planning for a company’s product or service line; 6) public policy planning and legislation;
7) environmentally friendly purchasing support; 8) marketing strategies; 9) environmental
performance and liability evaluation. CBA: cost-benefit analysis; EIA: environmental impact
assessment; IOA: input–output analysis; CEA: cost-effectiveness analysis; ELG: eco-label-
ing; IPA: impact pathway analysis; DfE: design for environment; ERA: environmental risk
assessment; LCA: life-cycle assessment; DM: dematerialization; EMA: environmental man-
agement; MFA: material flow accounting; DT: detoxification and audit; SFA: substance flow
analysis.

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