Page 8 - Introduction to Petroleum Engineering

viii COnTEnTs

7 Reservoir Geophysics 119

7.1 seismic Waves 119
7.1.1 Earthquake Magnitude 122
7.2 Acoustic Impedance and Reflection Coefficients 124
7.3 seismic Resolution 126
7.3.1 Vertical Resolution 126
7.3.2 Lateral Resolution 127
7.3.3 Exploration Geophysics and Reservoir Geophysics 128
7.4 seismic Data Acquisition, Processing, and Interpretation 129
7.4.1 Data Acquisition 129
7.4.2 Data Processing 130
7.4.3 Data Interpretation 130
7.5 Petroelastic Model 131
7.5.1 IFM Velocities 131
7.5.2 IFM Moduli 132
7.6 Geomechanical Model 133
7.7 Activities 135
7.7.1 Further Reading 135
7.7.2 True/False 135
7.7.3 Exercises 135
8 Drilling 137

8.1 Drilling Rights 137
8.2 Rotary Drilling Rigs 138
8.2.1 Power systems 139
8.2.2 Hoisting system 141
8.2.3 Rotation system 141
8.2.4 Drill string and Bits 143
8.2.5 Circulation system 146
8.2.6 Well Control system 148
8.3 The Drilling Process 149
8.3.1 Planning 149
8.3.2 site Preparation 150
8.3.3 Drilling 151
8.3.4 Open‐Hole Logging 152
8.3.5 setting Production Casing 153
8.4 Types of Wells 155
8.4.1 Well spacing and Infill Drilling 155
8.4.2 Directional Wells 156
8.4.3 Extended Reach Drilling 158
8.5 Activities 158
8.5.1 Further Reading 158
8.5.2 True/False 158
8.5.3 Exercises 159