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Knowledge Application 193

Table 6.1.
Bloom taxonomy of the cognitive domain

Level Description Action verbs that can be used
1 Knowledge Remembering of previously Recall, repeat, defi ne, describe,
learned material. list, identify, label, match, name,
state
2 Comprehension Ability to grasp the meaning Classify, convert, discuss,
of material e.g. translating explain, generalize, give an
from one form to another, example of, paraphrase, restate
estimating future trends, in your own words, summarize,
explaining or giving and review.
examples of.
3 Application Ability to use learned Articulate, assess, chart,
material in new and concrete computer construct, determine,
situations by applying rules, develop, discover, establish,
methods, concepts, extend, operationalize,
principles, laws and theories. participate, predict, provide,
show, solve, use, apply,
demonstrate, sketch, practice,
illustrate.
4 Analysis Ability to break down Break down, correlate, diagram,
material into its component differentiate, discriminate,
parts so that its distinguish, focus, infer, outline,
organizational structure may point out, recognize, separate,
be understood. Identifi cation subdivide, compare, contrast,
of parts, relationships inspect, inventory, relate,
between parts, recognition of examine.
organizational principles.
5 Synthesis Ability to put parts together Adapt, categorize, collaborate,
to form a new whole. combine, communicate,
Creative behaviors stressed in compile, compose, create,
the formulation of something design, devise, facilitate,
new. formulate, generate, incorporate,
individualize, initiate, integrate,
model, plan, propose, assemble,
and organize.
6 Evaluation Ability to judge the value of Appraise, conclude, criticize,
material based on defi nite decide, defend, judge, justify,
criteria. support, evaluate, rate, value,
score, prioritize, select.

Source: Adapted from Bloom 1956.