Page 26 - Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology

Deepest Deepest
mine well

C
3.9 km (2.4 mi)
Carletonville, Kola
South Africa Peninsula,
Russia
Rock is 60°C (140°F) 12.3 km
at the base of the mine.
(7.7 mi)
Contintental crust
Moho (Granite)
Deepest Moho
trench
11 km Lithosphere
Oceanic crust
(Basalt)
Lithospheric
Mid-ocean mantle
ridge
Ocean
Lithospheric
Moho mantle
Subduction Asthenosphere Mantle
zone

2885 km

2270 km
1216 Subspheres of the
km Solid Geosphere named by their
inner chemical composition
core
Liquid Solid mantle
outer
core

Solid crust
5–40 km

Deepest point inside
Earth from which A
xenoliths (Figure 1.16B) ~400 km
have been ejected to Antarctica
surface
B

FIGURE 1.5 Global perspective of Earth. A. Earth photographed by Apollo 17 astronauts from about 37,000 km (23,000 mi) away in
1972. (Courtesy of NASA) Note compositional subspheres of the geosphere (rocky body of Earth) in the cutaway view: solid inner core, liquid
outer core, solid mantle, and crust. B. Hypothetical cross section of the edge of the geosphere. Note the locations of thick continental crust,
thin oceanic crust, Moho (base of the crust), lithosphere (crust + lithospheric mantle), and asthenosphere. C. Depths of the deepest mine and
well ever drilled into Earth.

Thinking Like a Geologist ■ 11