Page 13 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CONTENTS xiii

17.3.3.1 New Coatings Technology 382
17.3.3.2 LCA of Tetrahydrofuran Synthesis in
High-Temperature Water 383
17.3.4 What is the Return on Life Cycle Investment? 384
17.4 LCA - One Tool in the Sustainability Toolbox 385
17.4.1 Screening Sustainability Assessment Tools 385
17.4.2 Economic Evaluation 386
17.4.3 Site-Specific Assessment Tools 386
17.4.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment 387
17.4.3.2 Risk Assessment 387
17.4.3.3 Social Impact Assessment 387
17.5 Summary 388
Acknowledgement 388
References 388

Part 3: LCA Supports Decision Making and Sustainability

18 How to Approach the Assessment? 391
Jose Potting, Shabbtr Gheewala, Sebastten Bonnet
and Joost van Buuren
18.1 Introduction 391
18.2 Assessment Methods 393
18.2.1 Technology Assessment 393
18.2.2 Environmental Impact Assessment 394
18.2.3 Risk Assessment 396
18.2.4 Life Cycle Assessment 398
18.3 Comparison of Assessment Methods 400
18.4 Guidance for Assessment 405
18.5 Discussion and Conclusions 409
Acknowledgement 410
References 410

19 Integration of MCDA Tools in Valuation of Comparative
Life Cycle Assessment 413
Valenttna Prado, Kristen Rogers and Thomas P. Seager PhD
19.1 Introduction 413
19.2 Current Practices in LCIA 415
19.3 Principles of External Normalization 416
19.4 Issues with External Normalization 417
19.4.1 Inherent Data Gaps 417
19.4.2 Masking Salient Aspects 417
19.4.3 Compensation 419
19.4.4 Spatial Boundaries and Time Frames 419
19.4.5 Divergence in Data Bases 419
19.5 Principles of Internal Normalization 419
19.5.1 Compensatory Methods 420
19.5.2 Partially Compensatory Methods 421