Page 11 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

CONTENTS xi

13.6 Lumber Life Cycle Assessment Findings 305
13.7 Conclusions 308
References 308

Buildings, Systems Thinking, and Life Cycle Assessment 311
Joel Ann Todd
14.1 Introduction 311
14.2 Applying LCA to Buildings 314
14.2.1 Opportunities 314
14.2.2 Challenges 315
14.3 History and Progress in Applying LCA to Buildings 319
14.3.1 Databases, Tools, and Resources 319
14.3.1.1 AIA Environmental Resource Guide 319
14.3.1.2 BEES 320
14.3.1.3 US LCI Database 321
14.3.1.4 ATHENA Ecocalculator and Impact Estimator 321
14.3.1.5 Other Tools 321
14.3.2 International Standards and Codes 322
14.3.2.1 ISO 322
14.3.2.2 CENTC350 322
14.3.2.3 ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189 for
the Design of High-Perf ormance Green Buildings,
Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings 323
14.3.2.4 International Green Construction Code (IGCC) 323
14.3.3 Assessment and Certification Systems 324
14.3.3.1 BREEAM 324
14.3.3.2 LEED 325
14.3.3.3 DGNB 325
14.3.3.4 Green Globes (US) 326
14.4 Evolution and Future Applications to the Built Environment 326
References 327

Life Cycle Assessment in Product Innovation 329
Nuno Da Silva
15.1 Introduction 329
15.2 Background 330
15.3 What R&D is For 331
15.4 The Innovation Funnel 331
15.5 Idea Generation 332
15.6 Idea Assessment 334
15.7 Concept Development 335
15.8 Business Planning and Execution 337
15.9 Where to Focus - Management Framework 337
15.10 Sustainable Portfolio Management 338
15.11 Tools 340
15.12 Data 342
References 342