Page 152 - Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels

CHAPTER 4

Lignocellulosic biomass to

biodiesel

1,2
2
Gaetano Zuccaro , Domenico Pirozzi and Abu Yousuf 3
1
Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Agronomic Research,University of
Montpellier, Narbonne, France
2
Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”,
Naples, Italy
3
Department of Chemical Engineering & Polymer Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology,
Sylhet, Bangladesh
Contents
4.1 Introduction 127
4.2 Potentiality of lignocellulosic biomass as a source of biodiesel 128
4.3 Pathway: lignocellulosic biomass to lipids 133
4.4 Preprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass (mechanical, chemical, and
biological) 135
4.5 Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass 135
4.5.1 Enzymatic hydrolysis 135
4.6 Oleaginous strains and their productivity 143
4.6.1 Yeasts 143
4.6.2 Molds 145
4.6.3 Bacteria 148
4.6.4 Microalgae 148
4.7 Fermentation process 150
4.8 Extraction of microbial lipids 153
4.9 Catalysts for biodiesel synthesis 156
4.10 Genetic and metabolic engineering of microbes 157
4.11 Future prospects and conclusions 158
References 159
Further reading 167

4.1 Introduction
The application of the “circular economy” concept requires a growing
effort to recycle the wastes of each human activity [1,2], which should be
transformed into secondary raw materials offering equivalent functionality.
In particular, technical products should be reused or recycled after their

Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815936-1.00004-6 All rights reserved. 127