Page 214 - Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels

other methods unfeasible

for
step pretreatment large-scale is

Remarks Processing and operation

processes. lignin remove hemicelluloses, is, that is than higher biomass to negative hydrolysis low

pretreatment Disadvantages/ limitations Cannot and energy high consumption, power the consumption usually inherent the energy cost, High enzymatic energy High consumption, productivity

various heat,

of final and size cellulose and of cost the to external the and area materials of high operation, efficiency, improves and cellulose, of cellulose cellulose
disadvantages/limitations Advantages the Reduces particle transfer mass limitations, crystallinity, reduces solid liquid separation, increase surface handling easily Simple energy time, short accessibility reactivity reduces polymerization degree Decomposes rapidly

and action/ size DP, the of partial of of cleavage
advantages of Mechanism particle of hydrolysis hemicellulose, depolymerization lignin, β-1,4-glycosidic bonds

major effects Reduces Decrease
the process
of field, radiation) pyrolysis
Summary method pretreatment pretreatment grinding, electron (g-rays, electron irradiation, electrical microwave or

5.2 Pretreatment Physical (chipping, milling) energy radiation ultrasound, pulsed rays, heating, High-temperature
Table I. Mechanical and High beam UV