Page 340 - Lindens Handbook of Batteries

LiTHiUM PriMAry BATTerieS 14.7

TABLE 14.5 Properties of Organic electrolyte Solvents for Lithium Primary Batteries
Boiling
point at Melting Flash Density at Specific conductivity
5
Solvent Structure 10 Pa, °C point, °C point, °C 25°C, g/cm 3 with 1M LiClO , S/cm -1
4
Acetonitrile (AN) 81 -45 5 0.78 3.6 × 10 -2
γ-Butyrolactone (BL) 204 -44 99 1.1 1.1 × 10 -2

Dimethylsulfoxide 189 18.5 95 1.1 1.4 × 10 -2
(DMSO)
Dimethylsulfite (DMSi) 126 -141 1.2

1,2-Dimethoxyethane 83 -60 1 0.87
(DMe)

Dioxolane (1,3-D) 75 -26 2 1.07

Methyl formate (MF) 32 -100 -19 0.98 3.2 × 10 -2

Propylene carbonate 242 -49 135 1.2 7.3 × 10 -3
(PC)

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 65 -109 -15 0.89

that does not react with the active electrode materials. it must be soluble in the organic solvent and
dissociate to form a conductive electrolyte solution. Maximum conductivity with organic solvents
at room temperature is normally obtained with a 1-Molar solute concentration, but generally the
conductivity of these electrolytes is about one-tenth that of aqueous systems. To accommodate this
lower conductivity, close electrode spacing and cells designed to minimize impedance and provide
good power density are used.

14.2.4 Cell Couples and Reaction Mechanisms
The overall discharge reaction mechanism for various lithium primary batteries is shown in Table 14.4,
which also lists the theoretical cell voltage. The mechanism for the discharge of the lithium anode is
+
the oxidation of lithium to form lithium ions (Li ) with the release of an electron.
Li → Li + + e