Page 374 - Lindens Handbook of Batteries

LiTHiUM PriMAry BATTerieS 14.39

FIGURE 14.29 Cutaway view of 10,000-Ah Li/SOCl battery. 33
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feed-through or by a single feed-through isolated from the positive steel case. The cells were filled
through an electrolyte filling tube.
The characteristics of several prismatic batteries are summarized in Table 14.15. These cells
had a very high energy density. They were generally discharged continuously at relatively low rates
(200–300 h rate), but were capable of heavier discharge loads. A typical discharge curve is shown in
Fig. 14.30. The voltage profile was flat, and the cell operated just slightly above ambient temperature
at this discharge load. During the course of the discharge there was a slight buildup of pressure, reach-
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ing a value of about 2 × 10 Pa at the end of the discharge. A higher-rate pulse discharge is shown
in Fig. 14.31. The 2000 Ah cell was discharged continuously at a 5 A load, with 40 A pulses, 16 s in
duration, superimposed once every day. A steady discharge voltage was obtained throughout most of
the discharge, with only a slight reduction in voltage during the pulse. The batteries were capable of
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performance from -40 to 50°C; shelf-life losses were estimated at 1% per year. These batteries have
been decommissioned and are no longer in use but remain the largest lithium batteries ever built.

TABLE 14.15 Characteristics of Large Prismatic Li/SOCl Batteries
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Capacity, Height, Length, Width, Weight, Specific energy
Ah mm mm mm kg energy Wh/kg density Wh/L
2,000 448 316 53 15 460 910
10,000 448 316 255 71 480 950
16,500 387 387 387 113 495 970