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248                 Low-Temperature Energy Systems with Applications of Renewable Energy





















         Fig. 6.20 Kakkonda 50 MW Unit 1 as seen in 1979. Well pad B is in foreground with cyclone
         separators at right and silencers at left; photo from H. Nakamura, 1978.





























         Fig. 6.21 Map of the Kakkonda-Shizukuishi power plant and HWPF area, c. 1987 [10].

            Table 6.4 shows the temperatures and flow rates at key points along the flow path;
         see Fig. 6.22. The list of users of the hot water is extensive and includes: private homes
         (radiant heating), apartments, condominiums, resort hotels, tourist attractions, a hospi-
         tal and school, town government buildings, day-care centers, an industrial park, green-
         houses, botanical gardens, fish farming, swimming pools and snow melting. A total of
         2670 private homes and 23 public facilities were served [10].
            The HWPF, nearing completion in 1986, is shown in the photograph, Fig. 6.24. The
         operating principle is flash evaporation of the hot brine in five stages to obtain clean
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