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                    Micropropulsion Technologies                                    265


                    based on MEMS technology have been proposed. In that case, MEMS technology is
                    not used to minimize the propulsion system, but to allow for the manufacturing of
                    large arrays in which each individual emitter operates at a highly efficient low level
                    of emission current.
                       Research on MEMS propulsion is advancing quickly, and it should not be
                    limited to the thrusters but include PPU and interface development as well to
                    make ‘‘intelligent dust’’ a possibility in the near future.


                    REFERENCES
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                     3. R.A. Spores and M. Birkan, in 35th Joint Propulsion Conference, Los Angeles, CA,
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                     4. M. Birkan, AAAF Propulsion Symposium, paper 16–355, 2002.
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                    16. www.busek.com
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