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Chapter 11 Managing Knowledge 459

EXAMPLES OF KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS

Major knowledge work applications include CAD systems, virtual reality sys-
tems for simulation and modeling, and financial workstations. Computer-aided
design (CAD) automates the creation and revision of designs, using computers
and sophisticated graphics software. Using a more traditional physical design
methodology, each design modification requires a mold to be made and a proto-
type to be tested physically. That process must be repeated many times, which
is a very expensive and time- consuming process. Using a CAD workstation, the
designer need only make a physical prototype toward the end of the design
process because the design can be easily tested and changed on the computer.
The ability of CAD software to provide design specifications for the tooling
and manufacturing processes also saves a great deal of time and money while
producing a manufacturing process with far fewer problems. The Interactive
Session on Technology illustrates some of these benefits, and shows how they
can be a source of competitive advantage.
CAD systems are able to supply data for 3-D printing, also know known as
additive manufacturing, which uses machines to make solid objects, layer by
layer, from specifications in a digital file. 3-D printing is currently being used
for producing prototypes and small items, such as jewelry and hip implants, as
well as aircraft parts. In the future, it may be used for custom-fabricating parts
for autos and military equipment.
Virtual reality systems have visualization, rendering, and simulation
capabilities that go far beyond those of conventional CAD systems. They
use interactive graphics software to create computer-generated simulations
that are so close to reality that users almost believe they are participating in
a real-world situation. In many virtual reality systems, the user dons special
clothing, headgear, and equipment, depending on the application. The clothing
contains sensors that record the user’s movements and immediately transmit

CAD systems improve
the quality and precision of
product design by perform-
ing much of the design and
testing work on the
computer.

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