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Chapter 9 Buckling and Local Buckling of Tubular Members               183


                  the  same  Figure.  The  chain  line  with  one  dot  represents the  results  obtained  from  the
                  simplified method.


                                  1 .o

                                 P/Pp


















                                    0
                                                             n/up      1 .o
                             Figure 9.21  Schematic Representation of Internal Forces





























                             Figure 9.22  Determination of an Approximate Relationship Between
                                         Axial Forces and Bending Moments
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