Page 577 - Marine Structural Design

Chapter 30 Risk Assessment AppIied to Ojishore Structures 553

Develop oil spill modeling
Establish databases with relevant environmental data
From environmental protection point of view, the following items should be considered
(Gudmestad et al, 1999):
Discharge from drilling operations such as mud and cuttings
Produced water handling
Ballast water storage tanks
Selection of chemicals considering environmental data for toxicity, degradability and
potential for bio-accumulation
Loading operations to reduce possibility for oil spills during loading
Tanker oil transport to avoid oil spills
Oil spill contingency plan, e.g. in-situ burning, bioremediation etc.
Waste handling
Emission to air of C02, No,, and SO,

30.8 References
1. API Rp 14J (1993), “MI Recommended Practice for Design and Hazard Analysis for
Offshore Production Facilities”, American Petroleum Institute.
2. API RF’ 580 (2002), “Risk-Based Inspection”, American Petroleum Institute.
3. Bai, Y. and Pedersen, P. Terndrup, “Elastic-Plastic Behavior of Offshore Steel
Structures Under Earthquake Impact Loads”, International Journal of Impact
Engineering, 13(1), pp. 99-1 15.
4. Burgan, B.A. and Hamdan, F.H.(2002), “Response of Topside Structures to Fires and
Explosions: Design Considerations”, Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 141 30.
5. CCPS (1 999, “Chemical Transportation Risk Analysis”, Center for Chemical Process
Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
6. Chen, H. and Moan, T. (2002), “Collision Risk Analysis of FPSO-Tanker Offloading
Operation”, 2lSt Int. Conference On Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
(OMAE), OMAE2002-28103.
7. Chen, H. and Moan, T., Haver, S. and Larsen, K. (2002), “Prediction of Relative Motion
and Probability of Contact Between FPSO and Shuttle Tanker in Tandem Offloading
Operation”, 21’‘ Int. Conference On Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering
(OMAE), OMAE2002-28101.
8. CMPT (1 999), “A Guide to Quantitative Risk Assessment of Ofshore Installations”.
9. Czujko, J. (2001), “Design of Offshore Facilities to Resist Gas Explosion Hazard,
Engineering Handbook”, Corrocean.
10. Daughdnll, W.H. and Clark, T.A. (2002), “Consideration in Reducing Risks in FPSO
and Shuttle Vessel Lighting Operations”, Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 14000.