Page 121 - Mathematical Models and Algorithms for Power System Optimization

New Algorithms Related to Power Flow 111

Table 4.9 Transformers and branches in 5-bus system
Reference Actual Actual
Voltage Voltage Voltage
at I Reference R (Per- X (Per- at I at J
Side Voltage at Unit Unit Side Side
I (kV) J J Side (kV) Value) Value) T Δ N N (kV) (kV)

1 10 4 110 0.0 0.015 1.0 2.5% 4 4 10 121
2 10 5 110 0.0 0.030 1.0 2.5% 4 4 10 121
3 110 4 110 0.018 0.250
3 110 5 110 0.012 0.050
4 110 5 110 0.018 0.060

Table 4.10 Buses in 5-bus system
Q G
Bus (kV) Bus Type P G (MW) (Mvar) P L (MW) Q L (Mvar) V I (kV) θ (deg)
PV
1 10 550 11.0
2 10 SLACK 10.7 0.0
PQ
3 10 250 175
PQ
4 10 250 250
PQ
5 10 250 150

Table 4.11 Constraints of 5-bus system

Q min Q max
Bus U B (kV) (Mvar) (Mvar) U min (kV) U max (kV) P min (MW) P max (MW)

1 10 30 275 9.5 10.5
2 10 0 150 9.5 10.5 0.0 280
3 110 110.0 117.7
4 110 115.0 121.0
5 110 110.0 117.7

Table 4.12 Reactive compensation of 5-bus system
Maximum
Initial Number Number of Cost (Per-Unit
Bus No. U BI (kV) of Banks Banks C (Mvar)/bank Value)/Bank

3 110 2 10 10.0 1.00
4 110 2 10 10.0 1.00
5 110 0 10 10.0 1.00