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18  Mathematical Techniques of Fractional Order Systems



              TABLE 1.2 All Variables and Parameters Used for Simulation of the
              Complete Models With an Acting Tumor
              Par.                        Par.
              α C       3          3       γ T      0.005        0.004
              α B       4          4       L T      100           100
                        0.2       0.2                15      (Ayati et al., 2010)
              β C                         Cð0;xÞ
              β B      0.02       0:02    Bð0;xÞ    316           316
              g CC      1.1       1.1     Tð0;xÞ     1       (Ayati et al., 2010)
              g BC     20:5       20:5    zð0;xÞ    100           100
              g CB      1.0       1.0      C ss      5             5
              g BB      0          0       B ss     316           316
              r CC     0.005     0.005     β PTH     —            —
              r BC      0          0       K PTH     —            —
              r CB      0          0      r PTHrP    —            —
              r BB      0.2       0.2      λ w       —            —
               σ i      —         10 26    k w       —            —
              κ C     0.0748      0.45     κ T       —            —
              κ B    6:39 3 10 24  0.0048  λ T       —            —
                      PK/PD Par.          d 1      d 2       d 3

                         D 0                120       4           176
                          τ                 28       28            7
                          F                0.62       1            1
                          V d             3.1508   536.3940     160.2570
                          κ g             0.2568     —            —
                          κ p             0.0248    0.1139       1.2797
                         50=base
                        C p                 1       0.0001       0.0002
                          K r               —        —            —
                         K s;i             0.004    0.058         1.70
               refers to Eq. (1.19),  to Eq. (1.22) (both can be found in Ayati et al. (2010), mainly for the

              spatial distribution of Cð0;xÞ and Tð0;xÞ. Parameter σ i encompasses i 5 C; B; T; z. PK/PD models,
              for all models, included monoclonal antibodies, d 1 (denosumab), bisphosphonates, d 2 (zoledronic
              acid), and anticancer therapy, d 3 (paclitaxel). PK parameters (D 0 , τ, F, V d , κ g , and κ p ), for
              denosumab can in found in Gibiansky et al. (2012); Sohn et al. (2014), zoledronic acid in Zometa
              s - Zoledronic Acid for Injection (2017); Chen et al. (2002) and paclitaxel in Perez et al. (2001).
                         50=base
              PD parameters, C p  and K s;i , were chosen through simulation.
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