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2D case, using Algorithm 1 3D case using Algorithm 2

a) The particle is first rebuilt by layers of balls b) Bigger balls were generated to fill the
contact with each other space between two layers

(c) Smaller balls are replaced by bigger balls d) Final replacement result shown in 3D
FIGURE 9.13 The application examples using the burn algorithms.

particle is rebuilt by layers of balls and those layers do not come in contact with each
other (meaning part of the particle is lost), the lost part must be filled before applying
the burn algorithm. For example, if the distance between those layers is 6 mm and the
radius of small ball is 0.5 mm, two bigger balls can be generated between the space of
two layers at distances 1.5 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively. The x, y center coordinates of
the balls should be the center small ball of the nine-ball group and the radius should be
three times that of the small ball. Compared to Algorithm 1, this method requires fewer
loop cycles and much less time to complete. However, it is only suitable for more regu-
larly packed clusters. More details can be found in Fu (2005).