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make span is achieved. In the case of setup time, same result is observed. However, these fitness
values tend to make only one objective function better. On the other hand, if product cost is applied
as fitness value, good make span and setup time are obtained.
Table5 Result of Experiment 2
Fitness Value Make Span Setup Time Cost
Make Span 1,389 1,384 1,558
Setup Time 2,485 1,935 2,870
Tardiness Time 0 0 796
Total Cost 87,110,200 87,794,800 80,785,400
Stock Cost A 26,299,300 25,559,700 32,901,400
Stock Cost B 59,963,400 61,442,600 46,918,400
Energy Cost 599,000 599,000 599,000
Setup Cost 248,500 193,500 287,000
Late Penalty 0 0 79,600
As the next experiment, we changed setting of Stock Cost B (CSTB) from 100 Yen/minute to 200
Yen/minute. The results of this experiment are listed in Table 6. In this condition, late penalty is
lower than that of Stock Cost B. Thus, the tardiness of materials makes total cost better. Focusing on
the results of proposed algorithm, total cost is considerably lower than the others. Efficiency of our
proposed algorithm is shown through this experiment.

Table 6 Result of Experiments 2-2
Fitness Value Make Span Setup Time Cost
Make Span 1,378 1,470 1,390
Setup Time 2,435 2,050 2,000
Tardiness Time 0 35 0
Total Cost 57,123,500 57,092,000 57,080,000
Stock Cost A 26,311,300 25,980,200 26,051,100
Stock Cost B 29,969,700 30,304,300 30,229,900
Energy Cost 599,000 599,000 599,000
Setup Cost 243,500 205,000 200,000
Late Penalty 0 3,500 0

6. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we discussed the importance of the cost as a criterion for measuring performance of
schedules and two kinds of cost based scheduling algorithms are proposed. Due to the simplicity,
ABC based algorithm is applicable to the large scale manufacturing systems. GA based algorithm is
not applicable to the large scale manufacturing systems, however, performance of this algorithm is
much better than the simple rules.
In the future research works, we are planning to improve these algorithms to achieve much better
cost globally.
REFERENCES
[1] Cooper,R. and Kaplan, R.S.,Activity-based systems: measuring the costs of resource usage.
Accounting Horizons, September, pp. 1-13.
[2] Susumu Fujii, Toshiya Kaihara, Hiroshi Morita, Masaya Tanaka, A Distributed Virtual Factoryin
Agile Manufacturing Environment, The 15thlntemational Conference on Production Research, 1999,
pp. 1551-1554
[3] Kentarou Sashio, Susumu Fujii, Toshiya Kaihara, A Study on Push and Pull Production Control
Systems -Experiments on a Distributed Virtual Factory-, 2003, International Conference on
Production Research (ICPR) - 17. Electronic Proceedings, No. 0276.