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We can also conclude that the truly breaking mechanisms of ECFs joints were not found yet. Instead,
temperature and humidity tests proved that we could make reliable connections with ECFs.
Temperature and humidity are not as big threats for joints than mechanical chafing. Next steps in the
research will be the development of suitable field abrasion tests that can measure fibres' long-term
abrasion against hard edges. The research will also be extended to study of ECF shielding, which could
widen the usage possibilities of conductive yarns.
TABLE 1 .TEST RESULTS IN THE TENSILE STRENGTH TESTS MADE VERTICALLY AND HORIZONTALLY
ALIGNMENTS.
• « •
Through hole, SnPb solder 43,34 3,26
Through hole, SnPb solder, silicone 40,83 6,09
Surface mount, SnPb solder 32,19 13,03
Surface mount, SnPb solder, silicone 41,58 10,64
Through hole, thicker FR4 44,49 6,04
Through hole, smaller drill hole 41,74 5,21
Through hole, Loctite 56,34 1,4
Through hole, EMS 42,74 4,87
FR4 horizontally, through hole,
SnPbsolder 30,46 7,78

References
Bekaert Group, Belgium, Data sheet of Bekinox VN-Continuous stainless steel filament yarn.

DuPont, Richmond, Virginia, USA, Product bulletin of Brand metal clad fibre type XS0400E-018.
Electron Microscopy Sciences, Data sheet of Two part conductive silver paint.
Finnesd Inc., Pirkkala, Finland, Data sheet of silver plated nylon thread.

Yoshinori, K. & Yasuko, S. (1996). What is Environmental Testing? Espec Technology Report no. 1, Osaka,
Japan. Availabale at URL http://www.espec.co.jp/image/english/pdf/technoel.pdf, 3.6.2004.
Loctite, Data sheet of electrically conductive adhesive, brand code 3880.

Rantanen, J., Impio, J., Karinsalo, T., Malmivaara, M., Reho, A., Tasanen, M. & Vanhala, J. (2002). Smart
Clothing Prototype for the Arctic Environment. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 6:1, 3-16.
Rantanen, J., Ryynanen, O., Kukkonen, K., Vuorela, T., Siili, A. & Vanhala, J. (2001). Electrically Heated
Clothing. Proceedings of the World Multi conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, July 22-25,
Orlando, Florida, USA, 490-495.

Hannikainen, J., Jarvinen, T., Vuorela, T., Vahakuopus, K. & Vanhala, J. (2004). Conductive Fibres in Smart
Clothing Applications. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Machine Automation, November
24-26, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 227-232.

Vuorela, T., Kukkonen, K., Rantanen, J., Jarvinen, T. & Vanhala, J. (2003). Bioimpedance Measurement
th
System for Smart Clothing. Proceedings of the 7 IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers,
October 21-23, White Plains, NY, USA, 98-107.