Page 164 - Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-Use

138 Membranes for lndustrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-use

Table 3.23 Pollutants from textile wet processing operations (Corrieaet al., 1995; data from
OECD, 1981)
Process/fibres Substances Organic (biodegradability)a
Inorganic

Desizing
Cotton Na+ Carboxymethyl cellulose (SB): Enzymes (A): Fats (SB):
Linen Ca2+ Hemicelluloses (A); Modified starches (B): Non-ionic
Viscose NH4+ surfactants (A): Oils (SB): Starch (B): Waxes (SR)
Silk Na+ Carboxymethyl cellulose (SB): Enzymes (A); Fats (SB):
Acetates NH4+ Gelatine (A); Oils (SB): Polymeric sizes (NB);
Synthetics Polyvinyl alcohol (A): Starch (B); Waxes (SB)
Scouring
Cotton Na+ Anionic surfactants (A): Cotton waxes (NB): Fats (SB):
Glycerol (B); Hemicelluloses (A): Non-ionic
surfactants (A): Peptic matter (A): Sizes (A): Soaps
(A): Starch (A)
Viscose Na+ Anionic detergents (B): Fats (SB): Non-ionic
Acetates detergents (B): Oils (SB): Sizes (B): Soaps (B):
Waxes (SB)
Synthetics Na+ Anionic surfactants (A): Anti static agents (NB); Fats
(SB): Non-ionic surfactants (A): Oils (SB): Petroleum
spirit (A): Sizes (B): Soaps (A): Waxes (SB)
Wool (yarn and Na+ Anionic detergents (A): Glycol (SB): Mineral oils (SB):
fabric) NH4+ Non-ionic detergents (A): Soaps (A)
Wool (loose fibre) Na+ Acetate (B); Anionic surfactants (A): Formate (B):
NH4+ Nitrogenous matter (U): Soaps (A): Suint (A): Wool
K+ grease (SB): Wool wax (SB)
Ca2+
Bleaching
Cotton Formate (B)
Linen Na+
Viscose NH4+
Jute

Acetates

Wool Na+ Oxalate (B)
Mercerising
Cotton Na+NH4+ Co32-so42- Alcohol sulphates (A): Anionic surfactants (A):
Linen Cresols (A): Cyclohexanol (A)
Carbonising
Wool A13+ Suint (A): Surfactants (A): Wool grease (SB)
Mn2+ S042-
Fulling
Wool Naf C032- Acetate (B); Formate (B): Soaps (A): Suint (A): Wool
so42- grease (SB)