Page 32 - MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY

CONTENTS xxxi

5.10. Electronic Conductance of Alkali Metals Dissolved in Alkali
Halides ................................ 714
5.10.1. Facts and a Mild Amount of Theory .................... 714
5.10.2. A Model for Electronic Conductance in Molten Salts ........... 715
Further Reading ............................... 717
5.11. Molten Salts as Reaction Media ................... 717
Further Reading ............................... 719
5.12. The New Room-Temperature Liquid Electrolytes ........ 720
5.12.1. Reaction Equilibria in Low-Melting-Point Liquid Electrolytes ...... 721
5.12.2. Electrochemical Windows in Low-Temperature Liquid Electrolytes . . . 722
5.12.3. Organic Solutes in Liquid Electrolytes at Low Temperatures ....... 722
5.12.4. Aryl and Alkyl Quaternary Onium Salts .................. 723
5.12.5. The Proton in Low-Temperature Molten Salts ............... 725
Further Reading .................................. 725

5.13. Mixtures of Liquid Oxide Electrolytes ............... 726
5.13.1. The Liquid Oxides ............................. 726
5.13.2. Pure Fused Nonmetallic Oxides Form Network Structures Like Liquid
Water .................................... 726
5.13.3. Why Does Fused Silica Have a Much Higher Viscosity Than Do Liquid
Water and the Fused Salts? ......................... 728
5.13.4. Solvent Properties of Fused Nonmetallic Oxides ............. 733
5.13.5. Ionic Additions to the Liquid-Silica Network: Glasses .......... 734
5.13.6. The Extent of Structure Breaking of Three-Dimensional Network Lattices
and Its Dependence on the Concentration of Metal Ions Added to the
Oxide .................................... 736
5.13.7. Molecular and Network Models of Liquid Silicates ............ 738
5.13.8. Liquid Silicates Contain Large Discrete Polyanions ............ 740
5.13.9. The “Iceberg” Model ............................ 745
5.13.10. Icebergs As Well as Polyanions ...................... 746
5.13.11. Spectroscopic Evidence for the Existence of Various Groups, Including
Anionic Polymers, in Liquid Silicates and Aluminates .......... 746
5.13.12. Fused Oxide Systems and the Structure of Planet Earth .......... 749
5.13.13. Fused Oxide Systems in Metallurgy: Slags ................ 751
Further Reading ................................ 753

Appendix 5.1. The Effective Mass of a Hole ................. 754
Appendix 5.2. Some Properties of the Gamma Function ........... 755
Appendix 5.3. The Kinetic Theory Expression for the Viscosity of a Fluid . 756
Supplemental References ...................... 767

Index ................................. XXXIX