Page 29 - MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY

xxviii CONTENTS

4.9. Conducting Organic Compounds in Electrochemistry ....... 554
4.9.1. Why Some Polymers Become Electronically Conducting Polymers . . . 554
4.9.2. Applications of Electronically Conducting Polymers in Electrochemical Sci-
ence ..................................... 559
4.9.2.1. Electrocatalysis. .......................... 559
4.9.2.2. Bioelectrochemistry. ........................ 559
4.9.2.3. Batteries and Fuel Cells. ...................... 560
4.9.2.4. Other Applications of Electronically Conducting Polymers. . . . 560
4.9.3. Summary .................................. 561
4.10. A Brief Rerun through the Conduction Sections .......... 563
Further Reading ..................................... 564
4.11. The Nonconforming Ion: The Proton ................ 565
4.11.1. The Proton as a Different Sort of Ion .................... 565
4.11.2. Protons Transport Differently ....................... 567
4.11.3. The Grotthuss Mechanism ......................... 569
4.11.4. The Machinery of Nonconformity: A Closer Look at How the Proton
Moves .................................... 571
4.11.5. Penetrating Energy Barriers by Means of Proton Tunneling . ....... 575
4.11.6. One More Step in Understanding Proton Mobility: The Conway, Bockris,
and Linton (CBL) Theory ......................... 576
4.11.7. How Well Does the Field-Induced Water Reorientation Theory
Conform with the Experimental Facts? .................. 580
4.11.8. Proton Mobility in Ice ........................... 581
Further Reading ..................................... 581
Appendix 4.1. The Mean Square Distance Traveled by a
Random-Walking Particle ................... 582
Appendix 4.2. The Laplace Transform of a Constant ............. 584
Appendix 4.3. The Derivation of Equations (4.279) and (4.280) . ...... 584
Appendix 4.4. The Derivation of Equation (4.354) .............. 586

CHAPTER 5

IONIC LIQUIDS
5.1. Introduction ............................. 601
5.1.1. The Limiting Case of Zero Solvent: Pure Electrolytes ........... 601
5.1.2. Thermal Loosening of an Ionic Lattice ................... 602
5.1.3. Some Differentiating Features of Ionic Liquids (Pure Liquid Electrolytes) 603
5.1.4. Liquid Electrolytes Are Ionic Liquids ................... 603
5.1.5. Fundamental Problems in Pure Liquid Electrolytes ............ 605