Page 10 - Modern Optical Engineering The Design of Optical Systems

viii Contents

11.3 Reticles 250
Bibliography 251
Exercises 252

Chapter 12. Principles of Radiometry and Photometry 253
12.1 Introduction 253
12.2 The Inverse Square Law; Intensity 254
12.3 Radiance and Lambert’s Law 255
12.4 Radiation into a Hemisphere 256
12.5 Irradiance Produced by a Diffuse Source 257
12.6 The Radiometry of Images 259
12.7 Spectral Radiometry 263
12.8 Blackbody Radiation 264
12.9 Photometry 270
12.10 Illumination Devices 277
Bibliography 282
Exercises 283

Chapter 13. Optical System Layout 287
13.1 Telescopes, Afocal Systems 287
13.2 Field Lenses and Relay Systems 291
13.3 Exit Pupils, the Eye, and Resolution 293
13.4 The Simple Microscope or Magnifier 303
13.5 The Compound Microscope 305
13.6 Rangefinders 307
13.7 Radiometer and Detector Optics 311
13.8 Fiber Optics 318
13.9 Anamorphic Systems 323
13.10 Variable-Power (Zoom) Systems 328
13.11 The Diffractive Surface 333
Bibliography 334
Exercises 334

Chapter 14. Case Studies in System Layout 339
14.1 Introduction 339
14.2 Telephoto Lens 340
14.3 Retrofocus Lens 341
14.4 Relay System 342
14.5 Aperture Stop for Relay System of Sec. 14.4 343
14.6 Short Range Telescope 344
14.7 Field Lens for Sec. 14.6 347
14.8 Raytrace of Sec. 14.7 348
14.9 125 Power Microscope 349
14.10 Brueke 125 Magnifier 350
14.11 A 4 Mechanically Compensated Zoom Lens 351
14.12 Doing System Layout by Computer 356
14.13 An Athermalized Mid-IR System with an External Cold Stop 357