Page 8 - Modern Optical Engineering The Design of Optical Systems

vi Contents

Chapter 4. Optical System Considerations 53
4.1 Systems of Separated Components 53
4.2 The Optical Invariant 58
4.3 Matrix Optics 63
4.4 The y-ybar Diagram 64
4.5 The Scheimpflug Condition 65
4.6 Summary of Sign Conventions 67
Bibliography 67
Exercises 68

Chapter 5. The Primary Aberrations 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 The Aberration Polynomial and the Seidel Aberrations 72
5.3 Chromatic Aberrations 83
5.4 The Effect of Lens Shape and Stop Position on the Aberrations 84
5.5 Aberration Variation with Aperture and Field 88
5.6 Optical Path Difference (Wave Front Aberration) 90
5.7 Aberration Correction and Residuals 91
5.8 Ray Intercept Curves and the “Orders” of Aberrations 94
5.9 The Relationships between Longitudinal Aberration,
Transverse Aberration, Wave-Front Aberration (OPD),
and Angular Aberration 99
Bibliography 102
Exercises 102
Chapter 6. Third-Order Aberration Theory and Calculation 105

6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 Paraxial Raystracing 107
6.3 Third-Order Aberrations: Surface Contributions 108
6.4 Third-Order Aberrations:Thin Lenses; Stop Shift Equations 113
6.5 Sample Calculations 117
Bibliography 122

Chapter 7. Prism and Mirror Systems 123
7.1 Introduction 123
7.2 Dispersing Prisms 123
7.3 The “Thin” Prism 125
7.4 Minimum Deviation 126
7.5 The Achromatic Prism and the Direct Vision Prism 126
7.6 Total Internal Reflection 128
7.7 Reflection from a Plane Surface 129
7.8 Plane Parallel Plates 132
7.9 The Right-Angle Prism 136
7.10 The Roof Prism 139
7.11 Erecting Prism Systems 141
7.12 Inversion Prisms 144
7.13 The Penta Prism 145