Page 9 - Modern Optical Engineering The Design of Optical Systems

Contents vii

7.14 Rhomboids and Beamsplitters 146
7.15 Plane Mirrors 149
7.16 The Design of Prism and Reflector Systems 149
7.17 Analysis of Fabrication Errors 154
Bibliography 155
Chapter 8. Characteristics of the Human Eye 157
8.1 Introduction 157
8.2 The Structure of the Eye 158
8.3 Characteristics of the Eye 160
8.4 Defects of the Eye 168
Bibliography 170
Experiments 171
Exercises 172
Chapter 9. Stops, Apertures, Pupils and Diffraction 175
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 The Aperture Stop and Pupils 176
9.3 The Field Stop 177
9.4 Vignetting 177
9.5 Glare Stops, Cold Stops, and Baffles 179
9.6 The Telecentric Stop 182
9.7 Apertures and Image Illumination—ƒ-Number and Cosine-Fourth 183
9.8 Depth of Focus 186
9.9 Diffraction Effects of Apertures 188
9.10 Resolution of Optical Systems 192
9.11 Diffraction of a Gaussian (Laser) Beam 195
9.12 The Fourier Transform Lens and Spatial Filtering 199
Bibliography 200
Exercises 201

Chapter 10. Optical Materials 205
10.1 Reflection, Absorption, Dispersion 205
10.2 Optical Glass 210
10.3 Special Glasses 216
10.4 Crystalline Materials 219
10.5 Plastic Optical Materials 221
10.6 Absorption Filters 224
10.7 Diffusing Materials and Projection Screens 227
10.8 Polarizing Materials 230
10.9 Cements and Liquids 232
Bibliography 233
Exercises 234
Chapter 11. Optical Coatings 237
11.1 Dielectric Reflection and Interference Filters 237
11.2 Reflectors 247