Page 414 - Book Hosokawa Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

FUNDAMENTALS CH. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH NANOPARTICLES

gas molecule particle
nanoparticle ultrafine particle
10 12
VOC
(volatile organic
compound)

10 9
volcano combustion
coal combustion
dioxin industrial nanoparticle radioactive
diesel particle
number concentration (cm -3 ) 10 6 salt particle aerosol at yellow sand powder transport
tobacco smoke
fog
the accident of
nuclear reactor
atmospheric aerosol
(coast)
10 3
small ion
in atmosphere
biocleanroom
1
Radon
daughter
industrial
cleanroom
10 -3 asbesto
microorganism (indoor) Japan cedar pollen
10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2
(1nm) (1μm)
particle diameter (μm)
Figure 7.2.1
Particle size and concentration of various aerosols.

high temperature
vapour
low volatile
component vapor
condensation • soil dust
• sea salt (sea coast)
homogeneous nucleation
• volcano eruption
primary particles • pollen
condensation
• from human activity
coagulation
droplet
aggromerates coagulation

coagulation
wash out settling
by rain drop

0.001 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5 1.0 5.0 10 100 μm
aitken nucleation mode accumulation mode mechanical generation mode
fine particles coarse particles
Figure 7.2.2
Mass-based size distribution of atmospheric aerosols.
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