Page 442 - Book Hosokawa Nanoparticle Technology Handbook

FUNDAMENTALS CH. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ISSUES WITH NANOPARTICLES
flocculation and adsorption treatments, as shown in relatively high molecular weight fractions of humic
Fig. 7.4.11 [23]. Flocculation by use of polyalu- substances, whereas adsorption by use of powdered
minum chloride (PACl) is particularly effective for activated carbon (PAC) is able to remove fulvic
the removal of humic acids, which constitute the acids of relatively low molecular weight effectively,
which cannot be fully flocculated by PACl. Hybrid
UF in combination with flocculation and adsorption
× 10 3
6
BSA E = 0 ×10 −2
s = 1 × 10 -3 5
pH 7.7
BSA, s = 5×10 −3
b
p = 49 kPa Lysozyme, s = 5×10 −3
l
4 E = 0.80 V/cm 4 pH 4.4
Ω
(s/cm) 3 = 5445 rad/s
Mixture (BSA)
1.19 V/cm Mixture (Lysozyme)
d /d 1.68 V/cm log (r i /r i0 ) 2 BSA alone
Lysozyme alone
2
2.37 V/cm
1

3.47 V/cm 4.11 V/cm
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 − (min)
0
2
3
v (cm /cm )
Figure 7.4.12
Figure 7.4.10 Behaviors of ultracentrifugal sedimentation of binary
Permeate flux in electro-ultrafiltration of BSA solution. protein mixtures at pH 4.4.
Low molecular weight fraction High molecular weight fraction
(Fulvic acid) (Humic acid)

Poly aluminum
chloride (PACl)
Absorption

Flocculation
Powdered activated
carbon (PAC)

UF membrane
Permeate

Figure 7.4.11
Mechanism of hybrid ultrafiltration of humic substances combined with both flocculation and adsorption treatments.

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