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24 CLOSELY PACKED COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL APPLICATIONS
inorganic nanoparticles with fair magnetic properties [19] V.A. Davis, L.M. Ericson, A. Nicholas, G. Parra-
and LCs with good electric response will make them Vasquez, H. Fan, Y. Wang, V. Prieto, J.A. Longoria,
one of the most advanced functional materials with S. Ramesh, R.K. Saini, C. Kittrell, W.E. Billups,
excellent multi-responsive performance such as active W.W. Adams, R.H. Hauge, R.E. Smalley and
devices. M. Pasquali: Macromolecules, 37, 154 (2004).
[20] W. Song, I.A. Kinloch and A.H. Windle: Science, 302,
1363 (2003).
References
[21] M. Sawamura, K. Kawai, Y. Matsuo, K. Kanie, T. Kato
[1] Ekisho Binran, Ekisho Binran Henshuu Iinkai (Eds.), and E. Nakamura: Nature, 419, 702 (2002).
Maruzen, Tokyo (2000). [22] J. Araki, M. Wada, S. Kuga and T. Okano: Langmuir,
[2] Ekisho no Kagaku, Japan Chemical Society (Eds.), 16, 2413 (2000).
Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo (1994). [23] S.-W. Lee, C. Mao, C.E. Flynn and A.M. Belcher:
[3] Ekisho Zairyo, N. Kusabayashi (Ed.), Kodan-shya Science, 296, 892 (2002).
Scientific, Tokyo (1991). [24] K. Kanie, T. Sugimoto: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 10518
[4] P.J. Collings, M. Hird: Introduction to Liquid (2003).
Crystals, Taylor & Francis, London (1997). [25] K. Kanie, A. Muramatsu: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127,
[5] http://liqcryst.chemie.uni-hamburg.de/en/lolas.php. 11578 (2005).
[6] Q. Majorana: Phys. Z., 4, 145 (1902). [26] T. Sugimoto: Monodispersed Particles, Elsevier,
[7] H. Diesselhorst, H. Freundlich: Phys. Z., 16, 419 (1915). Amsterdam (2001).
[8] H. Freundlich: Z. Elektrochem., 22, 27 (1916). [27] T. Sugimoto, X. Zhou and A. Muramatsu: J. Colloid
[9] K. Kanie, T. Sugimoto: in A New Phase on Organic/ Interface Sci., 259, 53 (2003).
Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials, NTS, pp. 175– [28] K. Kanie, T. Sugimoto: Chem. Commun., 2004(14)
188, Tokyo (2004). 1584 (2004).
[10] P. Davidson, P. Batail, J.C.P. Gabriel, J. Livage, [29] T. Sugimoto, M.M. Khan, A. Muramatsu and H. Itoh:
C. Sanchez and C. Bourgaux: Prog. Polym. Sci., 22, J. Colloids Surf. A, 79, 233 (1993).
913 (1997). [30] T. Sugimoto, Y. Wang: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 207,
[11] A.S. Sonin: Colloid J., 60, 129 (1998). 137 (1998).
[12] A.S. Sonin: J. Mater. Chem., 8, 2557 (1998). [31] H. Itoh, T. Sugimoto: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 265,
[13] J.-C.P. Gabriel, P. Davidson: Adv. Mater., 12, 9 (2000). 283 (2003).
[14] J. Sayettat, L.M. Bull, J.-C.P. Gabriel, S. Jobic, [32] T. Sugimoto, A. Muramatsu, J. Colloid Interface Sci.,
F. Camerel, A.-M. Marie, M. Fourmigué, P. Batail, 184, 626 (1996).
R. Brec and R.-L. Inglebert: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., [33] M. Ozaki, S. Kratohvil and E. Matijevic: J. Colloid
37, 1711 (1998). Interface Sci., 102, 146 (1984).
[15] F. Camerel, M. Antonietti and C.F.J. Faul: Chem. Eur. [34] N. Kanayama, O. Tsutsumi, A. Kanazawa and
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[16] N.R. Jana: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 43, 1536 (2004). [35] H. Yoshikawa, K. Maeda, Y. Shiraishi, J. Xu,
[17] Z. Dogic, S. Fraden: Langmuir, 16, 7820 (2000). H. Shiraki, N. Toshima and S. Kobayashi: Jpn.
[18] S.M. Yu, V.P. Conticello, G. Zhang, C. Kayser, J. Appl. Phys., 41, L1315 (2002).
M.J. Fournier, T.L. Mason and D.A. Tirrell: Nature, [36] L. Cseh, G.H. Mehl: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 13376
389, 167 (1997). (2006).

APPLICATION 24
24 CLOSELY PACKED COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL ASSEMBLED WITH NANOPARTICLES AND
ITS APPLICATION FOR SMART MATERIALS WITH TUNABLE STRUCTURAL COLOR

Opal, colloidal crystal, is three-dimensionally and mystery of the play of rainbow color in 1960s. They
closely packed monodispersed silica particles of a few explained that the mechanism of the iridescent color
100 nm. Opals have been used in gemstone for a long in opal is caused by Bragg diffraction of visible light
time because they show iridescent palette described as from the periodic array of silica particles, i.e. a kind
the play of rainbow color. Sanders et al. revealed the of structural color [1]. Afterward, artificial opals were

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