Page 12 - Numerical Analysis and Modelling in Geomechanics

xi
8.8 Typical behaviour of shear modulus vs shear strain 234
8.9 Typical behaviour of damping vs shear strain 235
8.10 Scheme 2D of BESOIL 236
8.11 QUAD4 FEM scheme of a valley 240
8.12 Area struck by seismic sequence (earthquakes of Table 4.1, triangles) 243
and location of the investigated villages (circles)
8.13 Damping coefficient variation with shear strain 245
8.14 Shear modulus decay with shear strain 246
8.15 (a) Cross-section of Cesi village; (b) Acceleration response spectra 250
computed for Cesi village; (c) Amplification coefficients (Fa)
computed for Cesi village
8.16 (a) Cross-section of Colfiorito village; (b) Acceleration response 251
spectra computed for Colfiorito village: (c) Amplification coefficients
(Fa) computed for Colfiorito village
9.1 Example of a quadrangular mesh taken from a study performed near 266
the village of Mels (Udine, Italy)
9.2 Base map of the study area, showing the essential information about 269
the geography, the transect position, and the data available
9.3 Transect t02: model structure and source position 271
9.4 Snapshots of the acceleration wavefield (amplitude) for the point 272
source
9.5 PGA envelopes at the surface of transects t02, t01, t05, and t03, 273
respectively, for the catastrophic earthquake of January 11, 1693
9.6 Transect t03 274
9.7 The December 13, 1990, M 5.8 Eastern Sicily earthquake 276
9.8 H/V spectral ratios computed for the ENEA-ENEL Catania station 276
9.9 Simplified model of a massive structure 277
9.10 Resonant scattering of the Rayleigh wavefield 278
9.11 The trapezoidal resonant model with L=50 m 279
9.12 Amplitude of the horizontal component of ground-roll acceleration at 280
different receivers located at ground level compared with the peak
acceleration
10.1 Plan view of block failure under lateral load 295
10.2 Comparison of load-settlement response for single pile (E =30 GPa) 297
p
10.3 Comparison of load-settlement response for single pile (E =30,000 298
p
GPa)
10.4 Comparison of shaft shear stress distribution for single pile at a load 299
level P/P =0.5
u
10.5 Comparison of different pile group analysis methods for (a) s/d=2.5; 300
(b) s/d=5
10.6 Comparison of axial load distribution to individual piles in 5×5 pile 301
group
10.7 Comparison of lateral load distribution to individual piles in 5×5 pile 302
group