Page 135 - Open-Hole Log Analysis and Formation Evaluation

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x
=
k=
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where
saline.
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FIGURE
waters
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‘density
AR/AD
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is
20
is
p,
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AR:
md.
6.13
az AR
techniques,
(a
(see
(Zz
are
x
in
7
known.
saturations
Problems
23a
MEASUREMENTS
Ry
TT
difference
i
for
expressed
a=
_
>
constant
=)
g/cc,
OF
provided
chapters
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arise
,
to
the
Permeability
-
.
25
Basic
with
take
in-0/ft,
,)
most
and
Courtesy Schlumberger
and
(normalized
formations
ge
part
Estimates
shaly
¢
27).
SATURATION
Resistivity y
are
a
between
0.2
from
.
:
are well
the
Other
care of units),
clean
resistivity
Well Services.
03
Gradient
formations
04°
and
(A5
AR,
.
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and
wetting
06
measured
methods
1
gradient),
=(22x—'
Figure 6.13 gives a graphic solution to
Ro!
08
and
by
connate
of
fresh
Zone
10
log
waters
2
the equation
nonwetting

are
Resistivity
analysis
formation
saturation

a
is
as
the
a
and
and
and
of a
good
found
water,
rock
FIGURE
system
several
finding
the
chapter
“pores”
Many
case
Connate
in
solution.
to
for
2.
of

Chapter
6.14
properties
X,,.
qualitative
techniques
are
their length
porous
To
parallel
O-m
conductivity
the
flow
24
experimental
resistivity
determination
starting
where
waters
of
proportional
is
of
water-filled
Here,
(see
of wet
conduct
pore
to
are
is Z, we
an
logs,
it
Water Resistivity
system,
example,
similarities
measure
both
a
is
cylindrical
range
and
between
R,,
point
rocks.
R,;
can
find water
oil
of
electric
can
in
depending
exist
since
spaces.
Rock
chapters
oil
dedicated
for
value
Simplified Model
observations
be
tubes
filled with water
available
(Z/A).
4
electricity
on
is
relative
both
is
oil-bearing
If
and
estimate
current
necessary
of R,,
Matrix
and
the
Figure
the
saturation
oil-bearing
resistivity
and water
from
between
is
the
gas
due
drilled
equated
by
sand.
are
26).
6.14
exclusively
the

following
only to
depend
from
rocks
salinity
area
through
to
with
a
proper
A
on
. Connate Water with Pore Filled 29:9 b »» k, Permeability, Millidarcies 2 OF RESULTS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS IL METHODS OF ANALYSIS 6. THE PHYSICS OF ROCK/FLUID 120 121
electrical
flow
entirely
the
permeability
was
Mud
through
of resistivity R,,,
required.
is
the
the
about
shows
present
of Water-Filled Rock
to
of
to
and
ee
it.

a
rock.
saturations,
in
coring
a
their
the
If
as
understand
Investigation
,
small,
1/100
The
logging
fluids
cube
behavior
water
System.
and
of
we
total
electrical
pore
methods
that
ions
pioneered
of
of
the resistivity ofthe total
these
of an
can
there
in
the
interconnected
development
area
is
temperature
rock
a
is
the
a
ability
with
small
rock system
cylindrical
Aand
for
quantitative analysis of porosity
a
water
his
in
electrical
of

rock
| available of the - to Q-m up electrolytes of by Archie: A the and electrical there system pores, In conductivity to permeability through seen have provide a analysis core