Page 311 - Pipeline Risk Management Manual Ideas, Techniques, and Resources

13/288 Stations and Surface Facilities
large stored volumes and/or a high density of complex equip- varying release potentials in order to optimize the cumulative
ment in a small area will have a cumulative risk score that sug- risk scores. Nevertheless, this approach can be a simple way
gests a more concentrated risk than one with a larger “footprint.” to establish equivalencies among risk scores for different facil-
A station blends chfferent types of release points for modeling ity types, at least until more definitive relationships can be
convenience-a release point on a tank shell is obviously differ- developed.
ent from a release point on a 4-in. pipe. The risk score only
“knows” that there are release points within that station that pres-
ent a certain level of risk, even if all possible release points are not Xi. Station risk variables
equal, so worst case points will govern. If this is not acceptable, a
different station segmenting strategy can be employed. Table 13.17 provides an extensive list of station risk variables
Of course, this approach has many assumptions. It also that can be used to determine risk using the approaches outlined
allows for the possibility of sectioning strategies designed to in this chapter. Note that these variables will vary in their
present less risks. This may be possible by manipulation of sec- impact on risk. The choice of risk variables in designing a risk
tion boundaries-geographic areas-around equipment with assessment model is discussed elsewhere.
Table 13.17 Station risk variables
aboveground coatings critical instruments program
access (for emergency equipment) depth of cover
activity levelkhared stations design phase error reductions
additive system pressure design verificationsichecks
additive system volume design--use of extra heavy pipe and fittings
adequacy of coating-external diameter
adequacy of coating-internal dike condition
adequacy of procedures dike liner type
adequacy of training dike volume
anticorrosion effectiveness-visual dike wall materials
antifreeze actions taken dissimilar metals
area gas detectors drainage and spill control
area motion detectors dust generation
area video/audio surveillance earth movements-earthquake
atmosphere moisture content earth movements-rosioniwashout
atmosphere temperature earth movements--expansive soils
atmospheric coating damage UV freeze, ice, movements, etc. earth movements-frost heave
atmospheric corrosion hot spots earth movements-landslide
atmospheric corrosion potential--overall earth movements-monitoring
atmospheric corrosive contaminants earth movements--overall susceptibility
auto block valves earth movements-preventions
availability of outside emergency responders earth movements-stress relief
average op pressures earth movements-subsidence
atmospheric corrosion control program earth movements-volcano
traffic barrier effectiveness (strengtwdesign) electrical area classifications
block valves electrical cable protection
booms, absorbants electrical equipment areas-locks and fences
building design electrical grounding
business loss to competition electrical power lines in area
canned pumps electrical-static charges potential
check valves emergency drills
clean up costs emergency medical treatment
cleanup equipisupplies availability emergency response capabilities, outside assistance
company image damaged emergency response capabilities, in-house
computer permissives emergency shutdown systems
computer permissives for critical procedures endangered species nearby
congestion engine mechanical alarms
construction phase error reductions equipment profile (heightiwidth total and ratio)
construction year facility lighting
control roomlSCADA protocols fatigue-high frequency, high stress
corrosion rates-xtemal fatigue-high frequency, low stress
corrosion rates-internal fatigue-low frequency, high stress
cost ofproduct fatigue-material susceptibility
cost of service interruption fencesA-i? chain link or equivalent
CP survey4IS fences4ft chain link or equivalent
CP survey--coating fencesA-ft chain link plus barbed wire
CP survey-DCVG fineslpenalties from regulatory agencies
CP survey-metal-soil test lead fire suppression systems-deluge/sprinklers