Page 50 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Preparation and properties of nanopolymer advanced composites: A review 29

Ceramics
Energy
Metals
Plastics
Waste
management
Electronics
Polimers

Nano
technology
Transportation Medications

Textiles Organ growth

Weapons treatment
Manufacturing Sensors
Disease

Fig. 2.1 Diverse applications of nanotechnology [7].

science of nanomaterials (1–100 nm)” and systems with structures and components
displaying improved chemical, physical, thermal, and biological properties. We
obtain the substantial enhancements of mechanical, thermal, optical, and barrier prop-
erties using the nanofillers [3,4]. The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology has
blossomed over the last 20 years [5,6] and has gained significance in areas of biosen-
sors, biomedical, nanomedicine, computing, aeronautics, polymer modification, and
many other applications owing to their high surface area with better tendency to
amend materials properties. Current applications of nanotechnology in different
industrial sectors are shown in Fig. 2.1 [7].
Currently, nanocomposites have attracted great interest, both in industry and in
academia, due to their unique properties and multifunctionality they are well applica-
ble in various fields [8] when it is compared with traditional composites [9]. Further-
more, despite of their nanodimensions, most of the processing techniques of
nanocomposites remain almost the same as in microcomposites [10-12].

2.1.2 Nanoparticle
Nanometer scale items (10 9 m) are defined by the term nano. A nanometer is 80,000
times thinner than a human hair and is equivalent to the billionth of a meter [13].
Nanoparticle or nanofiller is the doping agent, that is distributed in the polymer matrix