Page 632 - Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Energy and Environmental Applications

Polymer nanocomposites for water treatments 583

350 Fig. 21.12 Nonwoven PANi-PS
mat adsorption capacity for the
300 different heavy metal ions
employed.
250
q e (mg/g) 200
150

100
50

0
Pb (II) Cu (II) Hg (II) Cd (II) Cr (VI)
Heavy metal ion

HFO-802 P − Phosphate anions Fig. 21.13 Simultaneous
adsorption of phosphate and
CH 3
+ p-nitrophenol.
NH P − Electrostatic interaction Reproduced with the permission
from Copyright 2015 Elsevier.
CH 3
P −
Fe(OH) n-x OH x Inner-sphere complexation

p-nitrophenol
CH 3
N: HO NO 2 Acid-base interaction
CH 3
OH
π-π interaction
St-DVB

21.6.2.1 Dyes
Organic dyes are used in many industrial processes such as fabric, woven, leather, tex-
tile, pulp and paper, tanneries, cosmetic, pharmaceuticals, food processing, agricul-
tural research, electroplating, and distillers. Due to their large-scale production and
extensive applications, organic dyes have become an integral part of industrial waste-
5
water. Out of 7 10 ton of organic dyes annually produced worldwide, >10%–15%
is lost in the wastewater during manufacturing and application processes [59]. These
have adverse effects on the environment particularly inhibitory effect on aquatic