Page 38 - Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning

34 Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning

4.3.3.2.1 Wind Turbine Power System Protection Zones
As shown in Fig. 4.2 there are two protective zones for power system wind
turbine. The first zone of protection is the generator zone, which includes the
following protections:
1. Generator protection: includes under/over voltage, under/over frequency
protection and generator resistance temperature detectors.
2. Generator step-up transformer protection: includes the primary fuses.
3. Circuit breaker (CB) protection: includes overcurrent protection.

The second zone of protection is the collector feeder zone, and includes
the following protections:
1. Collector feeder protection: includes overcurrent protection.
2. Collector bus and main step-up transformer protections: this protection
has a numerical relay with transformer differential relay, backup overcur-
rent relay and collector bus differential protection with breaker failure
relay.

Lastly, we also need protection of the grid zone. The level of protection
of this zone depends on the whether the connection is high voltage or
medium voltage.

4.3.3.3 Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy utilizes the heat buried within the earth for heating
houses and producing electricity.
This type of energy is predominantly used for areas known to have earth-
quakes, volcanoes and hot springs. The steam produced from the geotherms
is used to rotate turbines to produce electricity.

4.3.3.4 Biomass Energy
This source of energy is derived from biological sources; any organic mate-
rial such as wood, wood waste, plants, and animal manure. The heat gener-
ated from this material when burned will be used to heat steam to drive a
steam turbine to generate electricity.

4.3.3.5 Ocean or Tidal Energy
Ocean or tidal energy is a type of hydro power that converts tides to electric-
ity. Tides are waves caused due to gravitational pull of the moon and the
sun.
During high tide, water flows into the dam, and during low tide, water
flows out of the dam. These movements cause the turbine to rotate.