Page 405 - Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning

Index 393

Puffer circuit breakers, 145, 146f hydroelectric energy, 35
Punch list, 24 ocean or tidal energy, 34
PV systems. See Photovoltaic systems (PV renewable energy, 32 35
systems) solar energy, 32 33
PVC. See Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wind energy, 33 34
Reset ratio. See Drop off/pickup ratio
Resin-embedded CT. See Bar primary type
R CT
32R protection. See Power factor relay Resistance (R), 69
protection earthing, 279
Radial reeders, distribution networks with, Resistor, on-load tap changer using, 55f
235 Restitution unit, 141
Radio interference, 69 Restricted earth fault protection (REF
Rated accuracy limit factor, 109 protection), 240 241, 241f, 272, 272f
Ratio error, 123 124 Reverse power protection, 243
Ratio test, 119 Reverse-phase sequence protection, 250
voltage transformer, 131, 131f Revolutions per minute (rpm), 31
Reactance earthing, 279 Ring busbar arrangement, 13, 17f
Reclaim time, 232 Ring main circuit overcurrent, 208
Recovery voltage, 87 Ring-wound transformers. See Bar primary
Reduced voltage test, 98 type CT
REF protection. See Restricted earth fault Rotor, 35
protection (REF protection) earth fault protection, 246, 247f
Reference voltage, 204 Routine maintenance tests, 325
Regulating relays, 189 rpm. See Revolutions per minute (rpm)
Relay operating time (T R ), 195, 201, 283
test connection, 344f
Relays, 189, 194 201 S
characteristic test, 328 329 Safety equipment, 158
differential, 346f SAS. See Substation automation system (SAS)
of directional OC relay, 331f SAT. See Site acceptance test (SAT)
Ohm, 359 Saturation factor. See Accuracy limit factor
circuit, 302 303, 305f, 315f (ALF)
classification SC. See Short circuit (SC)
on characteristics, 190 SCD. See Substation configuration description
on function, 189 (SCD)
on input quantities, 189 190 Schematic/elementary diagram, 9
on principals or structures, 190 SCL. See Substation configuration language
connection, 205 (SCL)
construction and operation of SCR. See Short-circuit ratio (SCR)
electromechanical IDMTL, 194 196 Seal in “self-holding” circuit, 92
IEDs, 197 201 Secondary energy, 32
inverse characteristic, 195f Secondary injection tests
overcurrent, 201 209 Busbar protection, 350 351
static protection, 196 197 distance protection testing and
Reliability, 191 commissioning, 332 338
Remote backup overcurrent relay
protection, 266, 268f directional overcurrent relay testing and
relays, 266 commissioning, 330 331
Renewable power systems, 32 35 nondirectional overcurrent relays testing,
biomass energy, 34 327 329
geothermal energy, 34 protective relays, 325 326