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93. Michael Doyle, “FBI Announces Review of 2,000 Cases Featuring Hair
Samples,” McLatchy DC, July 18, 2013, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/
07/18/197069/fbi-announces-review-of-2000-cases.html.
94. “How Accurate Is Forensic Analysis?” The Washington Post, April 16, 2012,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/local/forensic-analysis-
methods/.
95. Sandra Laville, “Forensic Lab Errors in Hundreds of Crime Cases,” The
Guardian, February 21, 2007, http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/
feb/22/topstories3.ukcrime.
96. “How Accurate Is Forensic Analysis?” The Washington Post.
97. National Academy of Sciences, “Strengthening Forensic Science in the United
States: A Path Forward, Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic
Sciences Community,” (August 2009), https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/
grants/228091.pdf.
98. David Grann, “Trial by Fire,” The New Yorker, September 7, 2009, http://
www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/09/07/090907fa_fact_grann?
currentPage=all.
99. Innocence Project, “Wrongful Convictions Involving Unvalidated or
Improper Forensic Science that Were Later Over turned through DNA
Testing.”
100. Steven B. Duke, “Eyewitness Testimony Doesn’t Make It True,” Yale Law
School News Archive, June 12, 2006, http://www.law.yale.edu/news/2727.htm.
101. Joan Biskupic, “Supreme Court Examines Reliability of Eyewitness Testi-
mony,” USA Today, November 2, 2011.
102. Innocence Project, “Eyewitness Misidentification” (July 2014), http://www.
innocenceproject.org/understand/Eyewitness-Misidentification.php.
103. David A. Schroeder and Michael D. White, “Exploring the Use of DNA Evi-
dence in Homicide Investigations,” Police Quarterly 12 (2009): 319: Although
Schroeder and White found that “[when] DNA evidence was available for
use, clearance rates were low,” Schroeder and White both offer explanations
for this result that were rooted in the low rates with which DNA analysis was
used. They suggested that many cases clear before DNA analysis was com-
pleted due to detectives continuing to work the case while evidence was at the
laboratory. (In short, they lacked controls.) They thus acknowledge that their
methodology for this section of the paper was insufficient to fully explore the
value or lack thereof of DNA analysis for criminal investigations.
104. Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Rapid DNA or Rapid DNA Analysis”
(2014), http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/biometric-analysis/codis/rapid-
dna-analysis: Rapid use DNA testing is an automated process of developing
a CODIS profile using a sample of saliva. “The ‘swab in—profile out’ process
consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection and
allele calling without human intervention.
105. J. K. Roman et al., “The DNA Field Experiment: Cost-effectiveness of the Anal-
ysis of the Use of DNA in the Investigation of High-Volume Crimes,” Urban
Institute Justice Policy Center (April 2008), cited in David B. Wilson et al., “Does