Page 224 - Psychological Management of Individual Performance

208 the high performance cycle: standing the test of time
TABLE 10.1 (continued)
Author(s) and
publication date Type of paper Major findings

MEDIATORS
Direction
Wood and Locke Review Goals are proposed to stimulate the use one or more of
(1990) stored universal plans, stored task specific plans, and
new task specific plans. The effectiveness of goals in
combination with the different types of plans or
strategies is proposed to change as the complexity of
the task increases.
Bagozzi and Laboratory Direction was result of the decision made to attain a
Warshaw specific goal.
(1990)
Hinsz and Ployhart Laboratory The direction of an individual’s actions were the result
(1998) of his or her decision to attain a specific goal.
Kernan and Lord Laboratory Valence, expectancies, and discrepancies strongly
(1990) related to goal priority and resource allocation in
multiple goal environments, but not in single goal
environments.
Kanfer et al. Laboratory Motivation and performance was affected
(1994) independently by goals and practice as well as the
interaction between them.
Tubbs and Ekeberg Review Performance was highest when the individual could
(1991) shift attention between levels of a multi-task hierarchy.
Effort and persistence

Rasch and Tosi Field Goal difficulty was positively related to effort level
(1992) which in turn was positively related to performance.
Multon et al. Meta-analysis Self-efficacy accounts for a significant amount of
(1991) variance in persistence levels.
Theodorakis et al. Laboratory Effort, persistence and task strategies interacted to
(1998) increase performance rather than acting in isolation.
Weingart and Review Effort, persistence, goal commitment, performance
Weldon monitoring and the identification of strategies to attain
(1991) group’s goals mediated the effect of goal-performance
relationship.
Weldon et al. Laboratory Effort, persistence, goal commitment, performance
(1991) monitoring and the identification of strategies to attain
group’s goals mediated the effect of goal-performance
relationship.
Gellatly and Meyer Laboratory Effort and persistence were associated with increased
(1992) heart rate, which in turn mediated the goal difficulty
performance relationship.
Duncan Laboratory Action was represented by goals and sub-goals in the
(1995) prefrontal context.