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142 Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Table 6.1 List of platform chemicals from various sources.
Carbon Source Microorganism Platform References
chemicals
C 2 Corn stover Saccharomyces Ethanol Lau and Dale
cerevisiae (2009)
C 3 Peanut meal Sporolactobacillus Lactic acid Wang et al.
(2011)
C 4 Lignocellulosic Succinic acid Octave and
Thomas (2009)
Hemicellulose Xylitol Octave and
C 5
Thomas (2009)
Municipal Bio-based Laszlo ´ et al.
solid waste chemicals (2018)
Wheat straw Bio-based Laszlo ´ et al.
chemicals (2018)

evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemical substances that are produced
extensively at industrial scale. This community also encourages the innovation and
competition among various chemical industries (Bergeson et al., 2012). The sustain-
ability in the production of bio-based chemicals lies in the reduction of greenhouse
gas emission. The mild condition including low temperature and pressure is the
main factor that is considered during the sustainability issues. The production vol-
ume of the bio-based chemical and acquisition of large land are the other criteria
that have to be monitored for sustaining the production process (Endres and
Siebert-Raths, 2011; Ros et al., 2012).
Economic evaluation and analysis plays a crucial aspect in the production of
bio-based chemicals. The main indicator lies in minimizing the costs and maximiz-
ing the value of the products. The other significant criterion is the management of
risks in the entire life cycle of bio-based chemical. The other indicators in terms
of raw material cost, which need continuous monitoring, include economic index or
investment value indicators such as net present value and minimum selling price.
The selling price and revenue also reflect the economic stability of the production
of bio-based chemicals as around 76% of economic aspects lies in the transportation
and end life of the chemical products (Sacramento-Rivero, 2012; Nguyen et al.,
2015).

6.6 Conclusions

The acceleration in this industry has outpaced various policy progressions in recent
times. The development of quality products has attained great heights due to smart
and timely regulation framed by the researchers. The study and exploration on bio-
mass for the production of platform chemicals such as aliphatics and aromatics