Page 365 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Pretreatment of agroindustry waste by ozonolysis for synthesis of biorefinery products 329

The steam pulping gives little cellulose degradation, and it separated a significant
amount of high molecular mass hemicellulose (Golbaghi et al., 2017). The solid
residue left in the steam explosive pulping in alkaline ambient contains cellulose,
while liquid phase contains high molecular mass hemicellulose. The process was
fast and highly effective to be used in the cellulose industries. The optimized CMC
properties are enhanced compared to the extracted cellulose, thus added-value of
the sugarcane bagasse residue.
Durian rind has been treated with H 2 O 2 as the oxidizing agent for cellulose
extraction process and has been studied for the production of CMC film by varying
the NaOH concentrations (20 60 g/100 mL) and sodium monochloroacetate. The
highest DS was found at 0.87 at optimum condition of 30 g/100 mL NaOH. After
synthesis the crystallinity of the CMC decreased due to the cleavage of hydrogen
bonds from the NaOH (Rachtanapun et al., 2012). The tensile strength, water vapor
transmission rate, and moisture sorption isotherm were tested on the CMC durian
rind, and it was found that the NaOH significantly modified the mechanical proper-
ties of the biomass.
Thus the utilization of green and efficient technology such as ozonolysis for the
extraction of cellulose from agroindustry waste is crucial to convert the waste into
wealth. The CMC can be obtained by the synthesis of any agroindustry waste to
obtain cellulose via ozonolysis that has a huge potential to be used in industrial
application such as a film-forming, binding, sustained-release, gelling agents, and
metal absorber, therefore increasing the value of agroindustry waste.

14.4 Conclusion

Among other pretreatment methods for the delignification of lignocellulosic bio-
mass, ozonolysis has proved to be an efficient pretreatment method with a high
delignification rate of up to 85% and sugar release yields of up to 99%. Reactor
configuration and reaction parameter have a significant impact on the ozonolysis
process, thus optimizing these parameters is essential to get higher lignin degrada-
tion and increases sugar release yield with minimum ozone consumption in order to
keep the process economical. The ozonated products have huge potential to be uti-
lized as biorefinery products such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, LA, and many other
potential high value-added products.

References

Adarme, O.F.H., Baˆ eta, B.E.L., Lima, D.R.S., Gurgel, L.V.A., de Aquino, S.F., 2017.
Methane and hydrogen production from anaerobic digestion of soluble fraction obtained
by sugarcane bagasse ozonation. Ind. Crops Prod. 109, 288 299.