Page 448 - Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts

Food industry waste biorefineries
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P. Senthil Kumar , A. Saravanan , R. Jayasree and S. Jeevanantham 2
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Department of Chemical Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India,
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Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India

18.1 Introduction

Food waste (FW) is a financial, social, and natural concern, and methodologies
adopted to reduce are being incorporated in all countries (Gustavsson et al., 2011).
About 33% of the nourishment is delivered on the planet for human utilization, and
consistently about 1.3 billion tons are lost or squandered. In industrialized and
developing nations, nourishment misfortunes and waste add up to generally US$
680 and 310 billion, respectively. In Asian countries the generation of urban FW is
estimated to increase base yearly from 278 to 416 million tons from 2005 to 2025.
India positions seventh in food wastage, whereas the Russian Federation beats the
rundown. The tremendous generation of FW is extremely affecting the Earth signif-
icantly because of the outflow of greenhouse gases (Paritosh et al., 2017; Mohan
et al., 2018). A bulk of FW is generated from production, handling, storage, proces-
sing, distribution, or consumption. The real part of FW can be sorted into categories
before it is disposed off: avoidable or edible, and unavoidable or nonpalatable.
Taking careful steps at each dimension from its creation to utilization, the phase of
palatable FW can be decreased. To reduce the unavoidable FW, proper waste-
management policies are extremely necessary.
The high phase rates of regular waste and its exchange to open dumpsites or
nonsterile landfills are being opposed because of natural, financial, and social
issues. The productive treatment of waste is primary not only because of sanitation
but also is related financial aspects and natural favorable circumstances. The FWs
can be changed to useable items through a procedure called biorefinery. Biorefinery
process can be classified based on the four important features:
1. Platforms
2. Products
3. Feedstocks
4. Processes
This process is categorized into different types based on the types of wastes used
such as agricultural, cereal, oilseed, green, lignocellulosic, forestry, and industrial
or municipal waste biorefinery. Through these different types of biorefinery pro-
cesses the wastages from the respective region can be converted into beneficial
Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818996-2.00018-1
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