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Bioconversion of marine waste 22
biomass for biofuel and
value-added products recovery
2
1
1
A. Parvathy Eswari , R. Anu Alias Meena , R. Yukesh Kannah ,
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4
G. Sakthinathan , O.P. Karthikeyan and J. Rajesh Banu 1
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Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India,
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Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, India,
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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli,
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India, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, MI, United States
22.1 Introduction
Technological development results in the impulsion of energy; basically, living things are
afforded to these technological improvements, and subsequently industrial revolution has
been emerged from the fossil fuels. Nevertheless, fossil fuels are very limited and their
ultimate reduction is a reality. The spread of human population around the world wiped
out natural resources as well as fossil fuels in a shrinking trend that could make the world
facing challenging shortage for food, energy, and water (Amulya et al., 2016). In addition,
anthropogenic climate change, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and further pollutants
are posturing a severe warning to human (Ouda et al., 2016). Hence, a number of factors
may affect by this, including ecological sustainability and financial development (Nizami
et al., 2016). As a result, sustainable technologies play an important role with strategy to
lessen climatic change and are often lauded as one of the stable contributions of energy,
which tallies with the constant flow of economy (Sadik et al., 2010).
In 2015 the number of people in the world was approximately 7.2 billion and is
expected to attain 9.6 billion by 2060 as well as mostly contemplate in the increas-
ing globe. Likewise, the metropolitan areas of the world presently contain dense
population because of the increasing rate of urbanization. This population explosion
associated with enormous levels of wastes, especially biomass, may result in greater
chance for biorefinery technologies. Anaerobic digestion (AD), fermentation, gasifi-
cation, and pyrolysis are the different biorefinery technologies to generate fuels
from various raw materials of agricultural-derived products such as sugarcane
bagasse, cereal straw, perennial grasses, forest and marine fish waste, and civic and
manufacturing natural waste (Naik et al., 2010).
A biorefinery is a manifold practice and is responsible for the manufacture of
numerous products from variety of raw materials. Waste biorefinery offer
Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818996-2.00022-3
© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
