Page 13 - Separation process principles 2

Contents xvii

Chapter 12 Rate-Based Models for Distillation 449
12.0 Instructional Objectives 45 1
12.1 Rate-Based Model 45 1
12.2 Thermodynamic Properties and Transport-Rate Expressions 454
12.3 Methods for Estimating Transport Coefficients and Interfacial Area 456
12.4 Vapor and Liquid Flow Patterns 457
12.5 Method of Calculation 457
ChemSep Program 457
RATEFRAC Program 46 1
Summary 462 References 463 Exercises 463

Chapter 13 Batch Distillation 466

13.0 Instructional Objectives 466
13.1 Differential Distillation 466
13.2 Binary Batch Rectification with Constant Reflux
and Variable Distillate Composition 469
13.3 Binary Batch Rectification with Constant Distillate Composition
and Variable Reflux 470
13.4 Batch Stripping and Complex Batch Distillation 47 1
13.5 Effect of Liquid Holdup 472
13.6 Shortcut Method for Multicomponent Batch Rectification
with Constant Reflux 472
13.7 Stage-by-Stage Methods for Multicomponent, Batch Rectification 474
Rigorous Model 474
Rigorous Integration Method 476
Rapid-Solution Method 480
13.8 Optimal Control 482
Slop Cuts 482
Optimal Control by Variation of Reflux Ratio 484
Summary 486 References 487 Exercises 487

PART 3 SEPARATIONS BY BARRIERS AND SOLID AGENTS 491

Chapter 14 Membrane Separations 493
14.0 Instructional Objectives 493
Industrial Example 494
14.1 Membrane Materials 496
14.2 Membrane Modules 499
14.3 Transport in Membranes 502
Porous Membranes 502
BulkFlow 503
Liquid Diffusion in Pores 504
Gas Diffusion 505
Nonporous Membranes 505
Solution-Diffusion for Liquid Mixtures 506