Page 14 - Separation process principles 2

xviii Contents

Solution-Diffusion for Gas Mixtures 507
Module Flow Patterns 5 10
Cascades 512
External Mass-Transfer Resistances 5 13
Concentration Polarization and Fouling 5 15
14.4 Dialysis and Electrodialysis 5 16
Electrodialysis 5 18
14.5 Reverse Osmosis 521
14.6 Gas Permeation 525
14.7 Pervaporation 527
14.8 Ultrafiltration 531
Process Configurations 532
14.9 Microfiltration 540
Constant-Flux Operation 54 1
Constant-Pressure Operation 542
Combined Operation 542
Summary 543 References 544 Exercises 545

Chapter 15 Adsorption, Ion Exchange, and Chromatography 548
15.0 Instructional Objectives 549
Industrial Example 550
15.1 Sorbents 551
Adsorbents 55 1
Ion Exchangers 555
Sorbents for Chromatography 557
15.2 Equilibrium Considerations 559
Pure Gas Adsorption 559
Liquid Adsorption 563
Ion Exchange Equilibria 565
Equilibria in Chromatography 568
15.3 Kinetic and Transport Consideralions 568
External Transport 568
Internal Transport 57 1
Mass Transfer in Ion Exchange and Chromatography 572
15.4 Sorption Systems 573
Adsorption 573
Ion Exchange 576
Chromatography 577
Slurry Adsorption (Contact Filtration) 577
Fixed-Bed Adsorption (Percolation) 580
Thermal-Swing Adsorption 587
Pressure-Swing Adsorption 590
Continuous, Countercurrent Adsorption Systems 596
Simulated-Moving-Bed Systems 598
Ion-Exchange Cycle 607
Chromatographic Separations 608
Summary 612 References 613 Exercises 615