Page 147 - Separation process principles 2

112 Chapter 3 Mass Transfer and Diffusion

9. A number of models have been developed for mass transfer 10. The two-film theory of Whitman (more properly referred to as
across a two-fluid interface and into a liquid. These include the film a two-resistance theory) is widely used to predict the mass-transfer
theory, penetration theory, surface-renewal theory, and the film- flux from one fluid phase, across an interface, and into another fluid
penetration theory. These theories predict mass-transfer coeffi- phase, assuming equilibrium at the interface. One resistance is often
cients that are proportional to the diffusivity raised to an exponent controlling. The theory defines an overall mass-transfer coefficient
that varies from 0.5 to 1.0. Most experimental data provide expo- that is determined from the separate coefficients for each of the two
nents ranging from 0.5 to 0.75. phases and the equilibrium relationship at the interface.

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