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13 - PROJECT STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT

13.2.1.2 Stakeholder Register

See Section 13.2.1.2 of the PMBOK Guide.
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13.2.1.3 Enterprise Environmental Factors

Bureaucracy, office politics, and personal dynamics lead to inefficiencies in decision making and are unavoidable
inputs to stakeholder management. Although these factors are present in all business situations, these issues are
typically exposed early in software projects that use adaptive project life cycles because the project manager
and the team members interact closely with project stakeholders. These issues may take longer to surface and
resolve when using a predictive software project life cycle because interactions between the project and external
stakeholders typically occur on a less frequent basis.

13.2.1.4 Organizational Process Assets

See Section 13.2.1.4 of the PMBOK Guide.
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13.2.1.5 Stakeholder Availability

Adaptive software projects typically plan for customer involvement on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis depending on
the adaptive life cycle used. Software projects that have limited access to external stakeholders to view demonstrations
of product increments and review progress will likely plan to produce product increments on a monthly basis. Projects
with better access to stakeholders can plan to produce increments more frequently; perhaps on weekly or biweekly
cycles. Other factors that may influence the frequency of increment production include sharing of resources with slow
cadence projects and the software processes and tools used to release software to a test environment.

Predictive life cycle projects should plan for inputs from the customer and other stakeholders as frequently as
possible. Although major milestones may be infrequent for a large predictive software project, technical interchange
meetings can be arranged to discuss technical and managerial issues, review progress, view prototypes, and
evaluate product increments more frequently.

13.2.2 Plan Stakeholder Management: Tools and Techniques

The tools and techniques in Section 13.2.2 of the PMBOK Guide are applicable for planning software project
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stakeholder management.

13.2.2.1 Expert Judgment

See Section 13.2.2.1 of the PMBOK Guide.
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13.2.2.2 Meetings

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See Section 13.2.2.2 of the PMBOK Guide.

234 ©2013 Project Management Institute. Software Extension to the PMBOK Guide Fifth Edition
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