Page 124 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

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Sustainable Development and Industrial Ecology
2. Gas 1972 1. Surface 103
13. Ammonium thio sulphate Statoil water 1961 Lake Tisso
refinery
14. Tech
water 1991 9. Steam 11. Cooling
1982 water
1987
Reuse
Gyproc 10. Surface
basin water 1987
15. Tech
water 3. 1973
18. Drain
water 1995 1991
Asnaes 8. Steam 1982
16. Gypsum 1993 power station
5. Fly ash
1979 6. Heat 1980/89
NovoNordisk
Cement Fish
industry farms
Novozymes
12.
Yeast 4. Biomass/
7. Heat 1982 NovoGro
slurry
1989 1976
Bioteknisk 19. Sludge
Jordrens The Municipality Farms
Soilrem of Kalundborg 17. Waste
water 1995
FIGURE 3.3 Kalundborg industrial symbiosis in 2000 (Saikkuu, 2006)

• In 1981, Asnaes started to supply heat to the Kalundborg community.
There was an oil crisis in the late 1970s due to the 6th of October war
in the Middle East. Oil prices increased and heating security was in
question. The Kalundborg city was mostly heated by oil. There was a
need to restrict the use of the oil heating system. Asnaes took care of
this by supplying steam/hot water to the city.
– Driving force: Security and economic reasons.
• In 1982, Asnaes delivered steam to Statoil and Novo Nordisk. Novo
need to renovate and upgrade their boilers to get the required heat.
The construction of a pipeline was more cost effective than an upgrade.
For Statoil, it was much cheaper to get steam from Asnaes.
– Driving force: Economic benefits.
• In 1987, Statoil piped cooling water to Asnaes power station. Consider-
ing the rare water resources there, and knowing that thermal pollu-
tion was being criticized at Asnaes, the most cost-effective solution
was to utilize the waste cooling water from Statoil in Asnaes.
– Driving force: Economic benefits.