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Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management
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• Wasteful processes: Identify wasteful process with cause analysis.
• Material and energy balance: Analysis of process steps with material
and energy balance including cost of waste streams is very important
to identify the missing wastes and emissions. Usually the inputs
will exceed the outputs at this stage so it becomes necessary to look
for missing data such as evaporation losses, leaks, inaccuracy in the
original data, etc.
• Opportunities: Develop CP opportunities according to cleaner produc-
tion techniques shown in Figure 2.1 and select workable opportunities.
• Priorities: Select CP solutions according to:
– Technical feasibilities
– Economic feasibility
– Environmental aspects
– Social aspects.
Priorities can be assigned according to significant/severe environ-
mental impacts to the working environment or surrounding envi-
ronment or significant benefit to the company which will result from
reduced cost or improved efficiency. The following is the recom-
mended ranked improvement measure:
– Low cost/high cost
– High benefit/low benefit
– Short payback/long payback.
• Implementation: Prepare for implementation through operator’s
involvement and management commitment. Management must
understand and respect constructive criticism of current operation
practices and must concur with, or correct, the assumption used in
the audit. It is very important to involve management with the for-
mulation of the action plans and thus the plan can be disseminated
to all levels within the organization.
• Assessment: Monitor and evaluate results.
• Process sustainability: Maintain cleaner production.
• Sustainable development: Go back to re-identify another wasteful
process and continue.

2.7 Cleaner Production Case Studies
The ultimate increase in demand and consumption rates resulted in a typi-
cal increase in production rates causing more depletion of natural resources,
water and energy. Accordingly, wastes and pollution resulting from produc-
tion activities became a real threat on both human health and the environment.
This led the environmental aware communities to develop new approaches
and methodologies in order to achieve sustainable development which main-
tains the balance between the economic and social development on one side and
the conservation of natural recourses, water and energy for future generations