Page 80 - Materials Chemistry, Second Edition

Ch002-P373623.qxd 3/22/07 5:27 PM Page 61
TABLE 2.27 Cleaner Production 61
Savings in $ (per Ton of Fabric) in Half Bleaching: Woven Fabrics – Misr Beida Dyers

Savings in Before After Savings
Chemicals 41.10 41.30 (0.20)
Water use 2.10 1.50 0.60
Steam use 10.80 7.90 2.90
Electricity use 3.10 2.50 0.60
Labor 8.40 6.80 1.60
TOTAL ($ per ton) 65.50 60.00 5.50
Annual savings for 591 tons $3,250.50
Processing time (h) 107 8.7 2
Increased capacity 107 ton/year 18%

Note: Figures in brackets indicate an increase in cost.

TABLE 2.28
Savings in $ (per Ton of Fabric) for Half and Full Bleaching: Knitted Fabric – Giza
Spinning and Weaving
Savings in Half bleach Full bleach
Before After Before After Before After

Chemicals 22.20 27.80 (5.60) 95.20 101.70 (6.50)
Water use 6.20 2.50 3.70 13.30 5.20 8.10
Steam use 19.20 11.50 7.70 33.40 28.40 5.00
Electricity use 1.00 0.50 0.50 2.50 1.90 0.60
Labor 6.50 3.10 3.40 16.20 11.80 4.40
TOTAL ($ per ton) 55.10 45.40 9.70 160.60 149 11.60
Annual savings for 1,200 tons $11,640.00 for 240 tons $2,784.00
Processing time (h) 7.5 3.5 4.0 18.5 13.5 5.0
Increased capacity 480/y 40% 48 ton/y 40%
Annual benefits for 480 tons $4,656.00 for 48 tons $556.00
TOTAL $16,296.00 TOTAL $3,340.00
Note: Figures in brackets indicate an increase in cost.

Environmental benefits and improved working conditions
Sodium hypochlorite, a toxic and hazardous chemical, has been phased out
of the bleaching process at Giza Spinning and Weaving. As a result worker
conditions and safety have improved and the amount of halogenated organic
hydrocarbons in the final effluent has been minimized. Water and energy
consumption has also been reduced.
A summary of economic benefits and achievements for both Giza Spinning
and Weaving Company and Misr Beida Dyers is shown in Tables 2.29 and 2.30.