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State, Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1950; Bittel, K. (ed.),
Das Potsdamer Abkommen und andere Dokumente, Berlin, 1959, pp. 80 f.
7 Ibid., para. 9 (iv), in: Stolper, G., l.c., p. 266.
8 Ibid., para. 14, in: Stolper, G., l.c., p. 267.
9 Eschenburg, T., l.c., 1976, pp. 58-74.
10 Sternberger, D., Block und Koalition. Eine Studie zur Entstehung der deutschen
Parteiensysteme nach 1945, in: Idem (ed.), Lebende Verfassung. Studien über Koalition
und Opposition, Meisenheim a. Glan, 1956, pp. 51 ff.; Pulzer, P. G. J., German
Politics, 1945-1995, Oxford, 1995, pp. 32-37.
11 Sternberger, D., Lebende Verfassung, Meisenheim, 1956, p. 89.
12 However, there is dispute about the exact date of zonal authorisation.
Whereas Ludwig Bergsträsser states that political parties were also admitted to
act on a zonal level in the British zone already on 14 Sep 1945, Heinz-Dietrich
Fischer argues that parties were only admitted on a county level expanding
their activities at a later stage. Compare Bergsträsser, L., Geschichte der politischen
Parteien in Deutschland, Munich/ Vienna, 1965, p. 264 with Fischer, H.-D.,
Parteien und Presse in Deutschland seit 1945, Bremen, 1971, p. 53.
Notwithstanding, there is general agreement in academic literature that
American authorities admitted German political parties on a zonal level on 1
Sep, the British Military Government on 15 Sep 1945.
13 For a list of licensed political parties on local, regional, and zonal level, see
appendix 1, p. 152.
14 In disagreement with Vogel, B.; Nohlen, D.; Schultze, R.-O., Wahlen in
Deutschland: Theorie – Geschichte – Dokumente 1848-1970, Berlin/ New York,
1971, p. 176.
15 Pulzer, P. G. J., l.c., p. 38.
16 Byrnes, J. F., Restatement of US Policy in Germany, Stuttgart, 6 Sep 1946 (US
Government Print Office, Dept. of State publication, 2616, 1946), pp. 9-11.
17 Ruhm von Oppen, B. (ed.), Documents on Germany under Occupation 1945-1954,
London/ New York/ Toronto, 1955, p. 19.
18 Directive JCS 1779 printed in: Germany, 1947-1949; the story in documents, edited
by US Dept. of State, Washington, 1950, pp. 33-41.
19 Para. 6 (c), in: New directive, approved by the State, War and Navy Departments, to
Gen. Lucius D. Clay, United States Commander in Germany, on the Military
Government of that country, Washington, D.C., 15 July 1947, in: Stolper, G., l.c., p.
314.
20 Ibid., para. 8 (a).
21 Coles, H. L.; Weinberg, A. K., Civil Affairs: Soldiers become Governors,
Washington, D.C., 1964; Donnison, F. S. V., Civil Affairs and Military
Government, North West Europe 1944-1946, London, 1961; Niethammer, L., Die
Amerikanische Besatzungsmacht zwischen Verwaltungstradition und politischen Parteien
in Bayern 1945, in: VfZ 15 (2), Munich, 1967, pp. 153-210; Peterson, E. N., The
American Occupation of Germany – Retreat to Victory, Detroit, 1977.
22 Concerning the administration of the American zone of occupation, see
appendix 2, p. 153.